[Comparison of cytological findings of the buccal mucosa between smokers and non smokers]

In the past few years an alarming rise in the occurence of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma which now comprises 3% of all cancers in men and 2% of all cancers in women has been seen. Tobacco smoking is a single most well-known and important risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma in oral cavity. However, the pathogenesis, especially the initial changes brought about by smoking is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to compare cytological findings of apparently normal buccal mucosa among smokers and nonsmokers based on samples obtained by brush biopsy. Thirty-eight smokers and 42 nonsmokers, who did not show any conspicuous oral lesions were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. The specimens were taken from healthy and apparently normal buccal mucosa by a commercial cytobrush. Cytologic evaluation of biopsy specimens in terms of frequency of dysplasia/neoplasia, granular cells, binuclear cells, coarse chromatin, clear nucleus, apoptotic cells, pleomorphism in nuclear and cytoplasmic morphology was performed. Chi square test was used for comparison and analysis. Studied samples included 80 men [mean age, 40 years] in both groups. There was no dysplastic or neoplastic changes in any of the groups. Cytologic studies demonstrated that clear nucleus, coarse chromatin and the frequency of nuclear pleomorphism showed statistically significant differences between the two groups [P<01, P<001 and P<01 respectively]. Buccal mucosa of smokers showed some differences compared to samples from nonsmokers. However, the clinical significance of these changes is uncertain

[Effect of Bio-Gen [Bioteck]and Bio-Oss with and without alendronate on bone formation by [guided bone regeneration]: [a histomorphometric study in dogs]]

Several different graft materials, e.g. autologous, allografts, alloplasts or xenografts have been used to preserve or reconstruct the ridge anatomy. The purpose of this study was to investigate histologically and histomorphometrically experimental defects that grafted with Bio-Gen and Bio-oss and influence of local delivery of Alendronate with graft materials on bone formation. This experimental study did in 5 dog's tibia, 7 round intrabony defects, 6mm in diameter and approximately 4 mm in depth were made with trephine bur, each defect in each tibia filled randomly with following groups: 1] Bio-Gen [Bio-teck]+BCG membrane, 2] BBM[Bio-Oss]+Bio-gide membrane, 3]Bio-Gen+ alendronate+BCG membrane, 4] Bio-oss+alendronate+Bio-gide membrane, 5] BCG membrane, 6] Bio-gide membrane, 7] Control [empty]. Animals developed euthanized after 3 months. Immediately after euthanasia the tibia bones were dissected out and the proximal part of the tibias containing the defects were removed in blocks and prepared for Histologic and Histomorphometric evaluation. The data were analyzed using the ANOVA and Tukey procedures. P-values were less than 0.05. Newly formed bone was well evident in all of the defects inflammatory cells were less than 10% in all of them. The mean percentage of new bone in these 4 groups [with grafted materials] was higher than the other ones [with membrane and without grafted materials] and control groups [p<0.05]. There is no statistical different between Bio-Oss and Bio-Gen groups [with or without alendronate] in vital bone percentages. Application of single dose alendronate combination with Bio-oss or Bio-Gen granules doesn't improves bone formation. Bio-Gen granules are considered an osteoconductive graft material suitable for regeneration of bone

Evaluation of CD31 expression and mast cell count in dysplastic lesions and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity

Squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] is the most common malignancy in the oral cavity. Angiogenesis is essential for development and progression of SCC. Recently, some studies have reported that mast cells play a role in tumor progression, via promoting angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine CD31 [an endothelial marker] expression and mast cell count in oral dysplastic lesions and SCC. The CD31 expression and mast cell count were investigated in paraffin-embedded specimens of 10 cases of fibroma [control group], 10 cases of epithelial dysplasia, and 20 cases of SCC. CD31 expression was examined by IHC and mast cell count was evaluated by Giemsa staining. The mean of CD31 expression did not show any significant difference between groups, but in the tumors, peritumoral stroma revealed a significantly higher CD31 expression than intratumoral stroma. A significant difference in the mast cell count was observed between the groups and between peri-and intratumoral stroma of SCCs. The mean of CD31 expression and mast cell count did not show any correlation. Pre-and posttreatment studies and double staining methods are suggested for more definitive results

[Correlation between P53, P63 expression and HPV infection with staging and grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma]

Squamous cell carcinoma is the eighth common cancer and forms 94% of oral malignancies. Nowadays, many molecular and genetic changes have been known to affect tumoral behavior which might be good for drug production and gene therapy. It has been known that mutated P53, overexpression of P63 as an oncogene and HPV infection are correlated with clinicopathological behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma [OSCC] and it's prognosis and overall survival rate. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between the expression of P53, P63 and HPV infection with oral squamous cell carcinoma and it's clinical staging and microscopical grading. Forty paraffin blocks with diagnosis of OSCC were collected from the pathology department, Shahid Beheshti School of Dentistry and the Department of general pathology, Taleghani hospital. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with antibodies against P53 and P63 and for detection of high risk types of HPV [HPVI6, 18] polymerized chain reaction [PCR] was used. Spearman correlation test was used for data analyzing. In this analytical cross-sectional study, we found significant correlation between P53 total score and staging [P=0.0001] and P53 total score and grading [P=0.013]. There was also significant correlation between P63 proportional score and grading [P=0.049]. HPV 16 also had significant correlation with P53 total score [P=0.003]. The mean nuclear staining of P53 was 33.04 +/- 25.66% [01=24.94-41.14] and P 63 was 39.25 +/- 19.35 [CI 33.13-45.37]. HPV frequency was 40% [HPV 16=20% and HPV18=7.5%]. There was no significant correlation between P63 and HPV infection [P>0.05]. We concluded that P63 could be a diagnostic marker for grading of OSCC and P53 and P63 expression might have some role in progression of OSCC and its clinicopathological behavior. Presence of HPV especially HPV 16 may be regarded as a risk factor in OSCC

[Fibroblastic osteosarcoma in mandible: a rare case report and review of literature]

Osteosarcoma is a malignancy of mesenchymal cells that have the ability to produce Osteoid or immature bone. Osteosarcoma of the jaw is uncommon and represents 6-8% of all osteosarcomas. This tumor occurs most often in the third and fourth decades of life, which is 10-15 years older than the mean age for Osteosarcomas of the long bones. The Maxilla and Mandible are involved with a boot equal frequency and a slight male predominance, is noted. Mandibular tumors arise more frequently in the posterior body and horizontal ramus. Maxillary lesions are discovered more commonly in the alveolar ridge, sinus floor and palate. This article is a report of fibroblastic Osteosarcoma in the mandible of a 35 years old man that has been referred to pathology Department of Shahid Beheshti dental school. The specific characteristic of this case, is its histologic features, because fibioblastic Osteosarcoma is rare in jaws and most cases are chondroblastic Osteosarcoma

Ameloblastomatous calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor: a rare histologic variant

In agreement with the new classification of the World Health Organization [WHO] 2005, calcifying odontogenic cyst [COC] or calcifying cystic odont-ogenic tumor [CCOT] is an uncommon developmental odontogenic lesion that demonstrates histopathologic diversity. Predominantly, it occurs in the anterior region of the mouth and in the second and third decades of life. Odontogenic tumors such as ameloblastoma have been reported to be associated with CCOT. In this paper, we report a case of ameloblastomatous CCOT in a boy with involvement of mandibular ramus-an extremely rare histologic variant. The microscopic examination revealed a CCOT; ghost cell within ameloblastic islands in the connective tissue wall was observed

[Evaluating the cell proliferation markers; ki-67 and PCNA in pathogenesis of dentigerous cyst]

Dentigerous cyst is the most common type of developmental odontogenic cyst which originates from REE. It has the capacity for transformation to ameloblastoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. ki-67 and PCNA are two cell proliferation markers which can be both detected in cysts and tumors of epithelial origin. In this study we detected these two markers to evaluate the role of cell proliferation in the pathogenesis of dentigerous cysts. This study was a descriptive one. Twenty cases of dentigerous cysts and twenty cases of dental follicles were selected from paraffin-embedded blocks stored in pathology department of Shaheed Beheshti Dental School. The slides were stained with IHC method and streptavidin-avidin biotin technique. Statisticals were applied to evaluate the results. 25% dental follicles stained with ki-67 and this was 70% in dentigerous cyst. 35% of dental follicles were positive for PCNA and this amount was 80% in dentigerous cyst. It seems that higher expression of these two markers in dentigerous cyst has an indisputable role in pathogenesis of such cysts. Further studies in this field is recommended

[Microscopic assessment of the effects of chemoradiotherapy on normal oral mucosa in patients with head and neck cancer]

There are only few studies about effect of chemoradiotherapy based on cellular level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of such treatment on normal cells of oral mucosa. Seventy patients whose normal oral mucosa was exposed to radiation during the course of chemoradiotherapy were selected. Before starting the treatment, 2 slides from the normal oral mucosa were prepared for each patient, one from keratinized and one from non keratinized mucosa. At the end of treatment 2 other slides were taken from the same area too. After observing the slides under light microscope in blind form, the results of the observation from the first slides were compared with the results of the second one. Statistical analysis was carried out by Mc Nemar, Marginal Homogeneity and Wilcoxon tests. The results revealed changes in nucleus and cytoplasm. and N/C ratio, formation of bizar cells, cellular abnormality, nucleous and cytoplasmic vacuolization in affected cells during treatment. There was statistically significant differences between the groups [p < 0.001]. Keratinization of basal cell mucosa in cytology slide was observed after treatment [P < 0.01] and also there was an increase in number of inflammatory cells [p < 0.001]. Cellular apoptosis, numerous granular cells with large size granules, cells with multiple nucleous and clear nuclei, bacterial colony and candida were observed after treatment. chemoradiotherapy may induce formation of bizar cells, abnormal nocleous and cytoptasm, changes in N/C ratio. Cellular abnormality, and cellular vacuolization

Prevalence of oral giant cell lesions in 22 years [1981-2003] in Shaheed Beheshti dental school

On time diagnosis of jaw lesions is important to achieve proper treatment plan by dentist, and the way to improve this aim is identifying of epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical characterization of lesions. Giant cell lesions are the group of oral and maxillary lesions which could be destructive. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of oral giant cell lesions in period of 22 years in Shaheed Beheshti University Dental Faculty, Oral Pathology Department. This cross sectional and retrospective study was carried on descriptively on existing data. The study included patient's files with oral giant cell lesions in oral and maxillofacial pathology department in Shaheed Beheshti Dental School during 1981 till 2003. Data were analysed with Excell software by chi-square test. Out of 3390 studied files in period of 22 years, 325 cases [9.5%] were giant cell lesions. The most prevalent lesion was peripheral giant cell granoluma [PGCG] and the prevalent ones were central giant cell granoluma, aneurysmal bone cyst, giant cell tumor and Brown tumor. Prevalence of lesions in female were 58.2% and 41.8% in the male. Radiolucency was the most observed radiographic view. In 44.8% of cases primary clinical diagnosis were correct. The prevalence of oral giant cell lesions was 9.5%. PGCG was the most prevalent. Calculus and dental plaque are the etiological factors of this lesion, which determines that hygienic instructions are the main components of dental performance. On the other hand, 39.3% of the discussed lesions had incorrect clinical diagnosis which emphasized the microscopic evaluation of biopsies for correct diagnostic process of oral giant cell lesions

Malignant Fibrous histiocytoma in maxilla: case report and review of literature

Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma [MFH], is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in adults and is frequently seen is elderly. This lesion is so rare in bones and if seen, is common in long bones and the incidence of the lesion in maxillofacial bones is uncommon. In addition, maxilla is an unusual site for Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma [MFH]. The aim of this article was to report a case with MFH in maxilla and to review the literature. The patient was a 37 year-old man with MFH in maxilla who was referred to oral and maxillofacial surgery ambulatory ward of Taleghani hospital [2002]. The specific characterization of the patient was the incidence of MFH in maxilla [which is an unusual site for this lesion] in a young age. In this article, the clinical, radiographic and histopathologic characteristics, treatment and prognosis of Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma [MFH] are discussed. A review of related articles is also done for this rare lesion. With regards to different reported results of MFH follow up, the very poor prognosis of MFH in jaws, regular patient follow up after surgery with regard to its recurrence, is necessary

[Prevalence of two types of osseous lesions: fibro osseous and bony tumors of head and neck in pathology department of dental school and Taleghani Hospital during 1981-2004]

Immediate diagnosis and treatment is very important in fibrooseous lesion and bone tumor because of complication of these lesions like deformity, paresthesia, dysphagia and death. There was no research project of this matter in Iran. So, it was decided to evaluate the prevalence of fibro-osseous and tumoral lesions of head and neck in Shaheed Beheshti Dental School and Taleghani Hospital. This descriptive study was done on the existing data of the 4953 patients referred to the Pathology Department of Shaheed Beheshti Dental School and Taleghani Hospital during 1981-2002. 144 cases of fibro-osseous lesions and bone tumors were collected in this research. Among fibro osseous lesions, fibrous dysplasia was the most prevalent lesion, while among benign bone lesions, osteoma and osteoblastoma and among malignant bony lesions, osteosarcoma had the highest prevalence. Fibrous dysplasia was the most prevalent lesion in females, the second decade of life and in upper jaw. Osteoblastomas were observed in females, in the first and fourth decades of life and in lower jaw. Osteoma was seen mostly in females, in the third decade of life and in lower jaw, while osteosarcoma was prevalent in males, in the third decade of life and in lower jaw